What is an antigen?
Chemical produced by the white blood cells
Chemical on the surface of the pathogen
A mircobe that causes a disease
How do vaccines protect people against disease infections?
Vaccines introduce a live version of the pathogen.
Vacccines stimulate antigens to be produced by the red blood cells
Vaccines introduce pathogenic antigens, which stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.
How do antibiotics work?
Antibiotics kill bacterial cells
By relieving disease symptoms
Antiobiotics kill viruses
Why do scientists grow bacteria in the laboratory?
To allow them to check the effectiveness of antibiotics or antibacterial substances at killing them
To be able to calculate the number of bacteria in a population.
To allow infectious diseases to be cultured.
Which of these is a way to reduce antibiotic resistance?
Only take antibiotics when necessary
Treat all infections with the same antibiotics
Keep all patients with antibiotic resistance infections on the same ward
Which drug was originally isolated from willow bark?
Paracetamol
Aspirin
Digitalis
What term is given to an inactive version of a drug given in a drug trial?
Double blind
Efficacy
Placebo
How are drugs checked for safety?
Drugs are tested for efficacy, toxicity and dosage
By giving them to humans first
By giving people a placebo
What are the different stages of drugs trials?
Testing it on humans to see if the side effects are harmful
On human volunteers first and then on animals
Preclinical trials using cells, tissues and animals. Then clinical trials using healthy human volunteers and patients.
What type of drug trials are there?
Blind and partially blind trials
Blind, double blind and open trials
Fully open trials only