Which type of bonding holds aluminium atoms together in a sample of the element?
Covalent molecular
Metallic
Covalent network
Which of the following elements has as monatomic structure?
Nitrogen
Neon
Carbon
What of these elements has a covalent molecular structure?
Helium
Sodium
Phosphorous
Which of the following is not a property of all covalent networks?
Strong, rigid molecules
Very high melting and boiling points
Conduct electricity
Which of the following is the correct equation for the first ionisation energy of chlorine?
\[Cl (g) \rightarrow Cl^{+} (g) + e^{-} \]
\[Cl (g) + e^{-} \rightarrow Cl^{-}(g)\]
\[Cl (aq) + e^{-} \rightarrow Cl^{-} (aq)\]
Which of the following is the correct equation for the second ionisation energy of magnesium?
\[Mg (g) \rightarrow Mg^{2+} (g) + 2e^{-}\]
\[Mg^{+} (g) \rightarrow Mg^{2+} (g) + e^{-}\]
\[Mg (g) \rightarrow Mg^{+} (g) + e^{-}\]
Which of the following describes a property of an atom with a high electronegativity?
It has a weak attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
It has a strong attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
It has no attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
Why does fluorine have a lower covalent radius than lithium?
Fluorine has more protons inside its nucleus
Lithium has a greater number of energy levels
Fluorine has a greater electronegativity
Why is there such a large increase between the second and third ionisation energies of calcium?
The third electron must be removed from a full energy level
Calcium atoms have a large nuclear charge
There is a shielding effect
Going down a group in the periodic table, what trend is observed in covalent radius?
The covalent radius decreases
The covalent radius increases
There is no pattern or trend