What process is used to separate crude oil into simpler mixtures of hydrocarbons?
Chromatography
Fractional distillation
Separating funnel
What happens to hydrocarbons with very high boiling points in a fractionating column?
They leave the column at the same level they entered
They leave at the top of the column
They leave at the bottom of the column
Which fraction is used to make fuel for aircraft?
Petrol
Kerosene
Diesel
As the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon increases, which change in physical property takes place?
Boiling point decreases
Flammability decreases
Volatility increases
Why is cracking used?
To produce smaller, more useful hydrocarbons
To separate the fractions in crude oil
To produce polymers
Which of the following could be the products formed by the cracking of decane, formula C10H22?
C8H18 + C2H4
C20H42
C5H12 + C5H12
Which of the following statements accurately describes the change in the properties of the fractions as you move from the bottom of the fractional distillation column to the top?
The molecules get larger, and both the melting point and boiling point of the fractions increase
The molecules get larger, and both the melting point and boiling point of the fractions decrease
The molecules get smaller, and both the melting point and boiling point of the fractions decrease
Which fraction is used for road surfacing?
Heavy fuel oil
Bitumen
Naphtha
What are the necessary conditions for cracking to take place?
High temperatures and a catalyst
Low temperatures and a catalyst
High temperatures without a catalyst
How is crude oil formed?
A process of fossilisation under pressure, from simple marine organisms over hundreds of years
A process of fossilisation under pressure, from simple marine organisms over thousands of years
A process of fossilisation under pressure, from simple marine organisms over millions of years